At the dawn of the civilization, human beings were living in the lap of nature depending on hunting and food gathering. As time advanced, technological innovations drove them in the direction of settled agriculture on the bank of river and water bodies, integrating them with the practice of animal husbandry and fisheries. Ecological exploitation to fulfill their requirements was at bare minimum during those days.

Rapid population growth forced man to transform natural resources (land, water, air & vegetation) at a rapid rate to generate useable products. This process laid the onset of environmental degradation, which in due course reached to its peak.